{
  "name": "Human trials of research peptides",
  "description": "Human trials of compounds in the Primara Labs catalogue: phase, population, size, duration, primary endpoint, body-weight change by arm against comparator, discontinuation, registry ID and source.",
  "source": "https://www.primaralabs.com/research/trials",
  "lastUpdated": "2026-09-23",
  "licence": "Free to reuse with a link to the source page.",
  "schema": [
    {
      "key": "trial",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Trial name."
    },
    {
      "key": "trialSlug",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Page at /research/trials/<slug>."
    },
    {
      "key": "compound",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Compound studied."
    },
    {
      "key": "phase",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Trial phase."
    },
    {
      "key": "status",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "completed or ongoing."
    },
    {
      "key": "population",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Who was enrolled."
    },
    {
      "key": "n",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "Participants randomised, as the source states."
    },
    {
      "key": "weeks",
      "type": "integer",
      "description": "Duration of the reported endpoint."
    },
    {
      "key": "primaryEndpoint",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "As stated by the source."
    },
    {
      "key": "estimand",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Which analysis the arm figures come from."
    },
    {
      "key": "outcome",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "What changePct measures: body weight unless stated."
    },
    {
      "key": "unit",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Unit of changePct and comparatorChangePct: % or points."
    },
    {
      "key": "arm",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Arm label as the source gives it."
    },
    {
      "key": "changePct",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "Mean change in the outcome, signed as reported (body weight in percent unless outcome says otherwise)."
    },
    {
      "key": "comparator",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Placebo or the named comparator."
    },
    {
      "key": "comparatorChangePct",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "Comparator's mean percent change, same estimand."
    },
    {
      "key": "discontinuationPct",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "Share of the arm who stopped because of adverse events."
    },
    {
      "key": "discontinuationComparatorPct",
      "type": "number",
      "description": "Same, comparator arm."
    },
    {
      "key": "registryId",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "ClinicalTrials.gov number."
    },
    {
      "key": "registryUrl",
      "type": "url",
      "description": "ClinicalTrials.gov record."
    },
    {
      "key": "readoutDate",
      "type": "date",
      "description": "Publication or announcement date of the results."
    },
    {
      "key": "sourceUrl",
      "type": "url",
      "description": "The primary source the row was read from."
    },
    {
      "key": "checkedOn",
      "type": "date",
      "description": "ISO date the source was last read."
    }
  ],
  "rowCount": 40,
  "rows": [
    {
      "trial": "TRIUMPH-1",
      "trialSlug": "triumph-1",
      "compound": "Retatrutide",
      "phase": "3",
      "status": "completed",
      "population": "Adults with obesity, or overweight with at least one weight-related condition, without diabetes",
      "n": 2339,
      "weeks": 80,
      "primaryEndpoint": "Percent change in body weight from baseline at 80 weeks",
      "estimand": "efficacy",
      "outcome": "Body weight",
      "unit": "%",
      "comparator": "Placebo",
      "comparatorChangePct": -2.2,
      "registryId": "NCT05929066",
      "registryUrl": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05929066",
      "readoutDate": "2026-05-21",
      "sourceUrl": "https://investor.lilly.com/news-releases/news-release-details/lillys-triple-agonist-retatrutide-delivered-powerful-weight-loss",
      "checkedOn": "2026-09-23",
      "arm": "4 mg",
      "changePct": -19,
      "discontinuationPct": 4.1,
      "discontinuationComparatorPct": 4.9
    },
    {
      "trial": "TRIUMPH-1",
      "trialSlug": "triumph-1",
      "compound": "Retatrutide",
      "phase": "3",
      "status": "completed",
      "population": "Adults with obesity, or overweight with at least one weight-related condition, without diabetes",
      "n": 2339,
      "weeks": 80,
      "primaryEndpoint": "Percent change in body weight from baseline at 80 weeks",
      "estimand": "efficacy",
      "outcome": "Body weight",
      "unit": "%",
      "comparator": "Placebo",
      "comparatorChangePct": -2.2,
      "registryId": "NCT05929066",
      "registryUrl": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05929066",
      "readoutDate": "2026-05-21",
      "sourceUrl": "https://investor.lilly.com/news-releases/news-release-details/lillys-triple-agonist-retatrutide-delivered-powerful-weight-loss",
      "checkedOn": "2026-09-23",
      "arm": "9 mg",
      "changePct": -25.9,
      "discontinuationPct": 6.9,
      "discontinuationComparatorPct": 4.9
    },
    {
      "trial": "TRIUMPH-1",
      "trialSlug": "triumph-1",
      "compound": "Retatrutide",
      "phase": "3",
      "status": "completed",
      "population": "Adults with obesity, or overweight with at least one weight-related condition, without diabetes",
      "n": 2339,
      "weeks": 80,
      "primaryEndpoint": "Percent change in body weight from baseline at 80 weeks",
      "estimand": "efficacy",
      "outcome": "Body weight",
      "unit": "%",
      "comparator": "Placebo",
      "comparatorChangePct": -2.2,
      "registryId": "NCT05929066",
      "registryUrl": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05929066",
      "readoutDate": "2026-05-21",
      "sourceUrl": "https://investor.lilly.com/news-releases/news-release-details/lillys-triple-agonist-retatrutide-delivered-powerful-weight-loss",
      "checkedOn": "2026-09-23",
      "arm": "12 mg",
      "changePct": -28.3,
      "discontinuationPct": 11.3,
      "discontinuationComparatorPct": 4.9
    },
    {
      "trial": "TRIUMPH-2",
      "trialSlug": "triumph-2",
      "compound": "Retatrutide",
      "phase": "3",
      "status": "completed",
      "population": "Adults with type 2 diabetes and obesity or overweight",
      "n": 1152,
      "weeks": 80,
      "primaryEndpoint": "Percent change in body weight from baseline at 80 weeks",
      "estimand": "efficacy",
      "outcome": "Body weight",
      "unit": "%",
      "comparator": "Placebo",
      "comparatorChangePct": -4,
      "registryId": "NCT05929079",
      "registryUrl": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05929079",
      "readoutDate": "2026-07-23",
      "sourceUrl": "https://investor.lilly.com/news-releases/news-release-details/lillys-triple-agonist-retatrutide-successful-two-additional",
      "checkedOn": "2026-09-23",
      "arm": "4 mg",
      "changePct": -12.7,
      "discontinuationPct": 3.8,
      "discontinuationComparatorPct": 4.9
    },
    {
      "trial": "TRIUMPH-2",
      "trialSlug": "triumph-2",
      "compound": "Retatrutide",
      "phase": "3",
      "status": "completed",
      "population": "Adults with type 2 diabetes and obesity or overweight",
      "n": 1152,
      "weeks": 80,
      "primaryEndpoint": "Percent change in body weight from baseline at 80 weeks",
      "estimand": "efficacy",
      "outcome": "Body weight",
      "unit": "%",
      "comparator": "Placebo",
      "comparatorChangePct": -4,
      "registryId": "NCT05929079",
      "registryUrl": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05929079",
      "readoutDate": "2026-07-23",
      "sourceUrl": "https://investor.lilly.com/news-releases/news-release-details/lillys-triple-agonist-retatrutide-successful-two-additional",
      "checkedOn": "2026-09-23",
      "arm": "9 mg",
      "changePct": -19.1,
      "discontinuationPct": 11.6,
      "discontinuationComparatorPct": 4.9
    },
    {
      "trial": "TRIUMPH-2",
      "trialSlug": "triumph-2",
      "compound": "Retatrutide",
      "phase": "3",
      "status": "completed",
      "population": "Adults with type 2 diabetes and obesity or overweight",
      "n": 1152,
      "weeks": 80,
      "primaryEndpoint": "Percent change in body weight from baseline at 80 weeks",
      "estimand": "efficacy",
      "outcome": "Body weight",
      "unit": "%",
      "comparator": "Placebo",
      "comparatorChangePct": -4,
      "registryId": "NCT05929079",
      "registryUrl": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05929079",
      "readoutDate": "2026-07-23",
      "sourceUrl": "https://investor.lilly.com/news-releases/news-release-details/lillys-triple-agonist-retatrutide-successful-two-additional",
      "checkedOn": "2026-09-23",
      "arm": "12 mg",
      "changePct": -20.8,
      "discontinuationPct": 7.7,
      "discontinuationComparatorPct": 4.9
    },
    {
      "trial": "TRIUMPH-3",
      "trialSlug": "triumph-3",
      "compound": "Retatrutide",
      "phase": "3",
      "status": "completed",
      "population": "Adults with severe obesity (BMI of 35 or more) and established cardiovascular disease, with or without type 2 diabetes",
      "n": 1949,
      "weeks": 80,
      "primaryEndpoint": "Percent change in body weight from baseline at 80 weeks",
      "estimand": "efficacy",
      "outcome": "Body weight",
      "unit": "%",
      "comparator": "Placebo",
      "comparatorChangePct": -3.2,
      "registryId": "NCT05882045",
      "registryUrl": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05882045",
      "readoutDate": "2026-07-23",
      "sourceUrl": "https://investor.lilly.com/news-releases/news-release-details/lillys-triple-agonist-retatrutide-successful-two-additional",
      "checkedOn": "2026-09-23",
      "arm": "9 mg",
      "changePct": -21.6,
      "discontinuationPct": 9.8,
      "discontinuationComparatorPct": 4.8
    },
    {
      "trial": "TRIUMPH-3",
      "trialSlug": "triumph-3",
      "compound": "Retatrutide",
      "phase": "3",
      "status": "completed",
      "population": "Adults with severe obesity (BMI of 35 or more) and established cardiovascular disease, with or without type 2 diabetes",
      "n": 1949,
      "weeks": 80,
      "primaryEndpoint": "Percent change in body weight from baseline at 80 weeks",
      "estimand": "efficacy",
      "outcome": "Body weight",
      "unit": "%",
      "comparator": "Placebo",
      "comparatorChangePct": -3.2,
      "registryId": "NCT05882045",
      "registryUrl": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05882045",
      "readoutDate": "2026-07-23",
      "sourceUrl": "https://investor.lilly.com/news-releases/news-release-details/lillys-triple-agonist-retatrutide-successful-two-additional",
      "checkedOn": "2026-09-23",
      "arm": "12 mg",
      "changePct": -22.6,
      "discontinuationPct": 13.5,
      "discontinuationComparatorPct": 4.8
    },
    {
      "trial": "TRIUMPH-4",
      "trialSlug": "triumph-4",
      "compound": "Retatrutide",
      "phase": "3",
      "status": "completed",
      "population": "Adults with obesity or overweight and knee osteoarthritis, without diabetes",
      "n": 445,
      "weeks": 68,
      "primaryEndpoint": "Co-primary: percent change in body weight and change in WOMAC pain score at 68 weeks",
      "estimand": "efficacy",
      "outcome": "Body weight",
      "unit": "%",
      "comparator": "Placebo",
      "comparatorChangePct": -2.1,
      "registryId": "NCT05931367",
      "registryUrl": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05931367",
      "readoutDate": "2025-12-11",
      "sourceUrl": "https://investor.lilly.com/news-releases/news-release-details/lillys-triple-agonist-retatrutide-delivered-weight-loss-average",
      "checkedOn": "2026-09-23",
      "arm": "9 mg",
      "changePct": -26.4,
      "discontinuationPct": 12.2,
      "discontinuationComparatorPct": 4
    },
    {
      "trial": "TRIUMPH-4",
      "trialSlug": "triumph-4",
      "compound": "Retatrutide",
      "phase": "3",
      "status": "completed",
      "population": "Adults with obesity or overweight and knee osteoarthritis, without diabetes",
      "n": 445,
      "weeks": 68,
      "primaryEndpoint": "Co-primary: percent change in body weight and change in WOMAC pain score at 68 weeks",
      "estimand": "efficacy",
      "outcome": "Body weight",
      "unit": "%",
      "comparator": "Placebo",
      "comparatorChangePct": -2.1,
      "registryId": "NCT05931367",
      "registryUrl": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05931367",
      "readoutDate": "2025-12-11",
      "sourceUrl": "https://investor.lilly.com/news-releases/news-release-details/lillys-triple-agonist-retatrutide-delivered-weight-loss-average",
      "checkedOn": "2026-09-23",
      "arm": "12 mg",
      "changePct": -28.7,
      "discontinuationPct": 18.2,
      "discontinuationComparatorPct": 4
    },
    {
      "trial": "Retatrutide phase 2 (Jastreboff)",
      "trialSlug": "retatrutide-phase-2",
      "compound": "Retatrutide",
      "phase": "2",
      "status": "completed",
      "population": "Adults with a BMI of 30 or more, or 27 to under 30 with at least one weight-related condition",
      "n": 338,
      "weeks": 48,
      "primaryEndpoint": "Percent change in body weight from baseline at 24 weeks; 48 weeks secondary",
      "estimand": null,
      "outcome": "Body weight",
      "unit": "%",
      "comparator": "Placebo",
      "comparatorChangePct": -2.1,
      "registryId": "NCT04881760",
      "registryUrl": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04881760",
      "readoutDate": "2023-06-26",
      "sourceUrl": "https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2301972",
      "checkedOn": "2026-09-23",
      "arm": "1 mg",
      "changePct": -8.7,
      "discontinuationPct": null,
      "discontinuationComparatorPct": null
    },
    {
      "trial": "Retatrutide phase 2 (Jastreboff)",
      "trialSlug": "retatrutide-phase-2",
      "compound": "Retatrutide",
      "phase": "2",
      "status": "completed",
      "population": "Adults with a BMI of 30 or more, or 27 to under 30 with at least one weight-related condition",
      "n": 338,
      "weeks": 48,
      "primaryEndpoint": "Percent change in body weight from baseline at 24 weeks; 48 weeks secondary",
      "estimand": null,
      "outcome": "Body weight",
      "unit": "%",
      "comparator": "Placebo",
      "comparatorChangePct": -2.1,
      "registryId": "NCT04881760",
      "registryUrl": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04881760",
      "readoutDate": "2023-06-26",
      "sourceUrl": "https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2301972",
      "checkedOn": "2026-09-23",
      "arm": "4 mg (pooled)",
      "changePct": -17.1,
      "discontinuationPct": null,
      "discontinuationComparatorPct": null
    },
    {
      "trial": "Retatrutide phase 2 (Jastreboff)",
      "trialSlug": "retatrutide-phase-2",
      "compound": "Retatrutide",
      "phase": "2",
      "status": "completed",
      "population": "Adults with a BMI of 30 or more, or 27 to under 30 with at least one weight-related condition",
      "n": 338,
      "weeks": 48,
      "primaryEndpoint": "Percent change in body weight from baseline at 24 weeks; 48 weeks secondary",
      "estimand": null,
      "outcome": "Body weight",
      "unit": "%",
      "comparator": "Placebo",
      "comparatorChangePct": -2.1,
      "registryId": "NCT04881760",
      "registryUrl": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04881760",
      "readoutDate": "2023-06-26",
      "sourceUrl": "https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2301972",
      "checkedOn": "2026-09-23",
      "arm": "8 mg (pooled)",
      "changePct": -22.8,
      "discontinuationPct": null,
      "discontinuationComparatorPct": null
    },
    {
      "trial": "Retatrutide phase 2 (Jastreboff)",
      "trialSlug": "retatrutide-phase-2",
      "compound": "Retatrutide",
      "phase": "2",
      "status": "completed",
      "population": "Adults with a BMI of 30 or more, or 27 to under 30 with at least one weight-related condition",
      "n": 338,
      "weeks": 48,
      "primaryEndpoint": "Percent change in body weight from baseline at 24 weeks; 48 weeks secondary",
      "estimand": null,
      "outcome": "Body weight",
      "unit": "%",
      "comparator": "Placebo",
      "comparatorChangePct": -2.1,
      "registryId": "NCT04881760",
      "registryUrl": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04881760",
      "readoutDate": "2023-06-26",
      "sourceUrl": "https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2301972",
      "checkedOn": "2026-09-23",
      "arm": "12 mg",
      "changePct": -24.2,
      "discontinuationPct": null,
      "discontinuationComparatorPct": null
    },
    {
      "trial": "TRIUMPH-5",
      "trialSlug": "triumph-5",
      "compound": "Retatrutide",
      "phase": "3",
      "status": "ongoing",
      "population": "Adults who have obesity",
      "n": null,
      "weeks": null,
      "primaryEndpoint": "Compared with tirzepatide",
      "estimand": null,
      "outcome": "Body weight",
      "unit": "%",
      "comparator": null,
      "comparatorChangePct": null,
      "registryId": "NCT06662383",
      "registryUrl": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06662383",
      "readoutDate": null,
      "sourceUrl": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06662383",
      "checkedOn": "2026-09-23",
      "arm": null,
      "changePct": null,
      "discontinuationPct": null,
      "discontinuationComparatorPct": null
    },
    {
      "trial": "TRIUMPH-6",
      "trialSlug": "triumph-6",
      "compound": "Retatrutide",
      "phase": "3",
      "status": "ongoing",
      "population": "Adults with obesity",
      "n": null,
      "weeks": null,
      "primaryEndpoint": "Maintenance of weight reduction",
      "estimand": null,
      "outcome": "Body weight",
      "unit": "%",
      "comparator": null,
      "comparatorChangePct": null,
      "registryId": "NCT06859268",
      "registryUrl": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06859268",
      "readoutDate": null,
      "sourceUrl": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06859268",
      "checkedOn": "2026-09-23",
      "arm": null,
      "changePct": null,
      "discontinuationPct": null,
      "discontinuationComparatorPct": null
    },
    {
      "trial": "TRIUMPH-7",
      "trialSlug": "triumph-7",
      "compound": "Retatrutide",
      "phase": "3",
      "status": "ongoing",
      "population": "Adults with obesity or overweight and chronic low back pain",
      "n": null,
      "weeks": null,
      "primaryEndpoint": null,
      "estimand": null,
      "outcome": "Body weight",
      "unit": "%",
      "comparator": null,
      "comparatorChangePct": null,
      "registryId": "NCT07035093",
      "registryUrl": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07035093",
      "readoutDate": null,
      "sourceUrl": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07035093",
      "checkedOn": "2026-09-23",
      "arm": null,
      "changePct": null,
      "discontinuationPct": null,
      "discontinuationComparatorPct": null
    },
    {
      "trial": "TRIUMPH-8",
      "trialSlug": "triumph-8",
      "compound": "Retatrutide",
      "phase": "3",
      "status": "ongoing",
      "population": "Adults with obesity or overweight",
      "n": null,
      "weeks": null,
      "primaryEndpoint": null,
      "estimand": null,
      "outcome": "Body weight",
      "unit": "%",
      "comparator": null,
      "comparatorChangePct": null,
      "registryId": "NCT07232719",
      "registryUrl": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07232719",
      "readoutDate": null,
      "sourceUrl": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07232719",
      "checkedOn": "2026-09-23",
      "arm": null,
      "changePct": null,
      "discontinuationPct": null,
      "discontinuationComparatorPct": null
    },
    {
      "trial": "TRIUMPH-9",
      "trialSlug": "triumph-9",
      "compound": "Retatrutide",
      "phase": "3",
      "status": "ongoing",
      "population": "Adults without type 2 diabetes who have obesity or overweight",
      "n": null,
      "weeks": null,
      "primaryEndpoint": null,
      "estimand": null,
      "outcome": "Body weight",
      "unit": "%",
      "comparator": null,
      "comparatorChangePct": null,
      "registryId": "NCT07357415",
      "registryUrl": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07357415",
      "readoutDate": null,
      "sourceUrl": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07357415",
      "checkedOn": "2026-09-23",
      "arm": null,
      "changePct": null,
      "discontinuationPct": null,
      "discontinuationComparatorPct": null
    },
    {
      "trial": "TRIUMPH-OUTCOMES",
      "trialSlug": "triumph-outcomes",
      "compound": "Retatrutide",
      "phase": "3",
      "status": "ongoing",
      "population": "Adults living with obesity",
      "n": null,
      "weeks": null,
      "primaryEndpoint": "Cardiovascular and kidney outcomes",
      "estimand": null,
      "outcome": "Body weight",
      "unit": "%",
      "comparator": null,
      "comparatorChangePct": null,
      "registryId": "NCT06383390",
      "registryUrl": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06383390",
      "readoutDate": null,
      "sourceUrl": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06383390",
      "checkedOn": "2026-09-23",
      "arm": null,
      "changePct": null,
      "discontinuationPct": null,
      "discontinuationComparatorPct": null
    },
    {
      "trial": "STEP 1",
      "trialSlug": "step-1",
      "compound": "Semaglutide",
      "phase": "3",
      "status": "completed",
      "population": "Adults with BMI of 30 or greater (27 or greater with at least one weight-related coexisting condition), without diabetes",
      "n": 1961,
      "weeks": 68,
      "primaryEndpoint": "Coprimary: percentage change in body weight and weight reduction of at least 5% (week 68)",
      "estimand": "treatment-policy",
      "outcome": "Body weight",
      "unit": "%",
      "comparator": "Placebo",
      "comparatorChangePct": -2.4,
      "registryId": "NCT03548935",
      "registryUrl": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03548935",
      "readoutDate": "2021-02-10",
      "sourceUrl": "https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2032183",
      "checkedOn": "2026-09-23",
      "arm": "2.4 mg",
      "changePct": -14.9,
      "discontinuationPct": null,
      "discontinuationComparatorPct": null
    },
    {
      "trial": "STEP 2",
      "trialSlug": "step-2",
      "compound": "Semaglutide",
      "phase": "3",
      "status": "completed",
      "population": "Adults with BMI of at least 27 kg/m2 and HbA1c 7-10% (53-86 mmol/mol), diagnosed with type 2 diabetes at least 180 days before screening",
      "n": 1210,
      "weeks": 68,
      "primaryEndpoint": "Coprimary: percentage change in bodyweight and achievement of weight reduction of at least 5% at 68 weeks, semaglutide 2.4 mg versus placebo",
      "estimand": null,
      "outcome": "Body weight",
      "unit": "%",
      "comparator": "Placebo",
      "comparatorChangePct": -3.4,
      "registryId": "NCT03552757",
      "registryUrl": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03552757",
      "readoutDate": "2021-03-02",
      "sourceUrl": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00213-0",
      "checkedOn": "2026-09-23",
      "arm": "2.4 mg",
      "changePct": -9.6,
      "discontinuationPct": null,
      "discontinuationComparatorPct": null
    },
    {
      "trial": "STEP 2",
      "trialSlug": "step-2",
      "compound": "Semaglutide",
      "phase": "3",
      "status": "completed",
      "population": "Adults with BMI of at least 27 kg/m2 and HbA1c 7-10% (53-86 mmol/mol), diagnosed with type 2 diabetes at least 180 days before screening",
      "n": 1210,
      "weeks": 68,
      "primaryEndpoint": "Coprimary: percentage change in bodyweight and achievement of weight reduction of at least 5% at 68 weeks, semaglutide 2.4 mg versus placebo",
      "estimand": null,
      "outcome": "Body weight",
      "unit": "%",
      "comparator": "Placebo",
      "comparatorChangePct": -3.4,
      "registryId": "NCT03552757",
      "registryUrl": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03552757",
      "readoutDate": "2021-03-02",
      "sourceUrl": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00213-0",
      "checkedOn": "2026-09-23",
      "arm": "1.0 mg",
      "changePct": null,
      "discontinuationPct": null,
      "discontinuationComparatorPct": null
    },
    {
      "trial": "STEP 3",
      "trialSlug": "step-3",
      "compound": "Semaglutide",
      "phase": "3",
      "status": "completed",
      "population": "US adults without diabetes with overweight (BMI 27 or greater) plus at least 1 comorbidity or obesity (BMI 30 or greater)",
      "n": 611,
      "weeks": 68,
      "primaryEndpoint": "Co-primary: percentage change in body weight and loss of 5% or more of baseline weight by week 68",
      "estimand": "treatment-policy",
      "outcome": "Body weight",
      "unit": "%",
      "comparator": "Placebo",
      "comparatorChangePct": -5.7,
      "registryId": "NCT03611582",
      "registryUrl": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03611582",
      "readoutDate": "2021-04-01",
      "sourceUrl": "https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2021.1831",
      "checkedOn": "2026-09-23",
      "arm": "2.4 mg",
      "changePct": -16,
      "discontinuationPct": 5.9,
      "discontinuationComparatorPct": 2.9
    },
    {
      "trial": "STEP 4",
      "trialSlug": "step-4",
      "compound": "Semaglutide",
      "phase": "3",
      "status": "completed",
      "population": "Adults with BMI of at least 30 (or 27 or greater with at least 1 weight-related comorbidity) without diabetes, who reached the 2.4 mg maintenance dose during a 20-week run-in",
      "n": 803,
      "weeks": 68,
      "primaryEndpoint": "Percent change in body weight from week 20 to week 68",
      "estimand": "treatment-policy",
      "outcome": "Body weight",
      "unit": "%",
      "comparator": "Switched to placebo",
      "comparatorChangePct": 6.9,
      "registryId": "NCT03548987",
      "registryUrl": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03548987",
      "readoutDate": "2021-04-01",
      "sourceUrl": "https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2021.3224",
      "checkedOn": "2026-09-23",
      "arm": "Continued 2.4 mg, weeks 20 to 68",
      "changePct": -7.9,
      "discontinuationPct": 2.4,
      "discontinuationComparatorPct": 2.2
    },
    {
      "trial": "STEP 5",
      "trialSlug": "step-5",
      "compound": "Semaglutide",
      "phase": "3",
      "status": "completed",
      "population": "Adults with obesity, or overweight with at least one weight-related comorbidity, without diabetes",
      "n": 304,
      "weeks": 104,
      "primaryEndpoint": "Co-primary: percentage change in body weight and achievement of weight loss of 5% or more at week 104",
      "estimand": "treatment-policy",
      "outcome": "Body weight",
      "unit": "%",
      "comparator": "Placebo",
      "comparatorChangePct": -2.6,
      "registryId": "NCT03693430",
      "registryUrl": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03693430",
      "readoutDate": "2022-10-10",
      "sourceUrl": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-022-02026-4",
      "checkedOn": "2026-09-23",
      "arm": "2.4 mg",
      "changePct": -15.2,
      "discontinuationPct": 5.9,
      "discontinuationComparatorPct": 4.6
    },
    {
      "trial": "STEP 8",
      "trialSlug": "step-8",
      "compound": "Semaglutide",
      "phase": "3b",
      "status": "completed",
      "population": "US adults with BMI of 30 or greater, or 27 or greater with 1 or more weight-related comorbidities, without diabetes",
      "n": 338,
      "weeks": 68,
      "primaryEndpoint": "Percentage change in body weight, semaglutide vs liraglutide at week 68",
      "estimand": "treatment-policy",
      "outcome": "Body weight",
      "unit": "%",
      "comparator": "Placebo (pooled)",
      "comparatorChangePct": -1.9,
      "registryId": "NCT04074161",
      "registryUrl": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04074161",
      "readoutDate": "2022-01-01",
      "sourceUrl": "https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2021.23619",
      "checkedOn": "2026-09-23",
      "arm": "Semaglutide 2.4 mg",
      "changePct": -15.8,
      "discontinuationPct": 3.2,
      "discontinuationComparatorPct": 3.5
    },
    {
      "trial": "STEP 8",
      "trialSlug": "step-8",
      "compound": "Semaglutide",
      "phase": "3b",
      "status": "completed",
      "population": "US adults with BMI of 30 or greater, or 27 or greater with 1 or more weight-related comorbidities, without diabetes",
      "n": 338,
      "weeks": 68,
      "primaryEndpoint": "Percentage change in body weight, semaglutide vs liraglutide at week 68",
      "estimand": "treatment-policy",
      "outcome": "Body weight",
      "unit": "%",
      "comparator": "Placebo (pooled)",
      "comparatorChangePct": -1.9,
      "registryId": "NCT04074161",
      "registryUrl": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04074161",
      "readoutDate": "2022-01-01",
      "sourceUrl": "https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2021.23619",
      "checkedOn": "2026-09-23",
      "arm": "Liraglutide 3.0 mg",
      "changePct": -6.4,
      "discontinuationPct": 12.6,
      "discontinuationComparatorPct": 3.5
    },
    {
      "trial": "SELECT",
      "trialSlug": "select",
      "compound": "Semaglutide",
      "phase": "3",
      "status": "completed",
      "population": "Patients 45 years or older with preexisting cardiovascular disease and BMI of 27 or greater, no history of diabetes",
      "n": 17604,
      "weeks": null,
      "primaryEndpoint": "Composite of death from cardiovascular causes, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke (time to first event)",
      "estimand": null,
      "outcome": "Body weight",
      "unit": "%",
      "comparator": "Placebo",
      "comparatorChangePct": null,
      "registryId": "NCT03574597",
      "registryUrl": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03574597",
      "readoutDate": "2023-11-11",
      "sourceUrl": "https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2307563",
      "checkedOn": "2026-09-23",
      "arm": null,
      "changePct": null,
      "discontinuationPct": null,
      "discontinuationComparatorPct": null
    },
    {
      "trial": "SURMOUNT-1",
      "trialSlug": "surmount-1",
      "compound": "Tirzepatide",
      "phase": "3",
      "status": "completed",
      "population": "Adults with BMI of 30 or more, or 27 or more with at least one weight-related complication, excluding diabetes",
      "n": 2539,
      "weeks": 72,
      "primaryEndpoint": "Coprimary: percentage change in weight from baseline and weight reduction of 5% or more (week 72)",
      "estimand": "treatment-regimen",
      "outcome": "Body weight",
      "unit": "%",
      "comparator": "Placebo",
      "comparatorChangePct": -3.1,
      "registryId": "NCT04184622",
      "registryUrl": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04184622",
      "readoutDate": "2022-06-04",
      "sourceUrl": "https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2206038",
      "checkedOn": "2026-09-23",
      "arm": "5 mg",
      "changePct": -15,
      "discontinuationPct": 4.3,
      "discontinuationComparatorPct": 2.6
    },
    {
      "trial": "SURMOUNT-1",
      "trialSlug": "surmount-1",
      "compound": "Tirzepatide",
      "phase": "3",
      "status": "completed",
      "population": "Adults with BMI of 30 or more, or 27 or more with at least one weight-related complication, excluding diabetes",
      "n": 2539,
      "weeks": 72,
      "primaryEndpoint": "Coprimary: percentage change in weight from baseline and weight reduction of 5% or more (week 72)",
      "estimand": "treatment-regimen",
      "outcome": "Body weight",
      "unit": "%",
      "comparator": "Placebo",
      "comparatorChangePct": -3.1,
      "registryId": "NCT04184622",
      "registryUrl": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04184622",
      "readoutDate": "2022-06-04",
      "sourceUrl": "https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2206038",
      "checkedOn": "2026-09-23",
      "arm": "10 mg",
      "changePct": -19.5,
      "discontinuationPct": 7.1,
      "discontinuationComparatorPct": 2.6
    },
    {
      "trial": "SURMOUNT-1",
      "trialSlug": "surmount-1",
      "compound": "Tirzepatide",
      "phase": "3",
      "status": "completed",
      "population": "Adults with BMI of 30 or more, or 27 or more with at least one weight-related complication, excluding diabetes",
      "n": 2539,
      "weeks": 72,
      "primaryEndpoint": "Coprimary: percentage change in weight from baseline and weight reduction of 5% or more (week 72)",
      "estimand": "treatment-regimen",
      "outcome": "Body weight",
      "unit": "%",
      "comparator": "Placebo",
      "comparatorChangePct": -3.1,
      "registryId": "NCT04184622",
      "registryUrl": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04184622",
      "readoutDate": "2022-06-04",
      "sourceUrl": "https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2206038",
      "checkedOn": "2026-09-23",
      "arm": "15 mg",
      "changePct": -20.9,
      "discontinuationPct": 6.2,
      "discontinuationComparatorPct": 2.6
    },
    {
      "trial": "SURMOUNT-2",
      "trialSlug": "surmount-2",
      "compound": "Tirzepatide",
      "phase": "3",
      "status": "completed",
      "population": "Adults (18 or older) with BMI of 27 kg/m2 or higher and type 2 diabetes with HbA1c 7-10% (53-86 mmol/mol), in seven countries",
      "n": 938,
      "weeks": 72,
      "primaryEndpoint": "Coprimary: percent change in bodyweight from baseline and bodyweight reduction of 5% or higher (week 72)",
      "estimand": "treatment-regimen",
      "outcome": "Body weight",
      "unit": "%",
      "comparator": "Placebo",
      "comparatorChangePct": -3.2,
      "registryId": "NCT04657003",
      "registryUrl": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04657003",
      "readoutDate": "2023-06-26",
      "sourceUrl": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(23)01200-x",
      "checkedOn": "2026-09-23",
      "arm": "10 mg",
      "changePct": -12.8,
      "discontinuationPct": null,
      "discontinuationComparatorPct": null
    },
    {
      "trial": "SURMOUNT-2",
      "trialSlug": "surmount-2",
      "compound": "Tirzepatide",
      "phase": "3",
      "status": "completed",
      "population": "Adults (18 or older) with BMI of 27 kg/m2 or higher and type 2 diabetes with HbA1c 7-10% (53-86 mmol/mol), in seven countries",
      "n": 938,
      "weeks": 72,
      "primaryEndpoint": "Coprimary: percent change in bodyweight from baseline and bodyweight reduction of 5% or higher (week 72)",
      "estimand": "treatment-regimen",
      "outcome": "Body weight",
      "unit": "%",
      "comparator": "Placebo",
      "comparatorChangePct": -3.2,
      "registryId": "NCT04657003",
      "registryUrl": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04657003",
      "readoutDate": "2023-06-26",
      "sourceUrl": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(23)01200-x",
      "checkedOn": "2026-09-23",
      "arm": "15 mg",
      "changePct": -14.7,
      "discontinuationPct": null,
      "discontinuationComparatorPct": null
    },
    {
      "trial": "SURMOUNT-3",
      "trialSlug": "surmount-3",
      "compound": "Tirzepatide",
      "phase": "3",
      "status": "completed",
      "population": "Adults with BMI of 30 or more, or 27 or more with at least one obesity-related complication (excluding diabetes), who achieved 5.0% or more weight reduction after a 12-week intensive lifestyle intervention",
      "n": 579,
      "weeks": 72,
      "primaryEndpoint": "Coprimary: additional mean percent weight change from randomization to week 72, and percentage achieving additional weight reduction of 5% or more",
      "estimand": "treatment-regimen",
      "outcome": "Body weight",
      "unit": "%",
      "comparator": "Placebo",
      "comparatorChangePct": 2.5,
      "registryId": "NCT04657016",
      "registryUrl": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04657016",
      "readoutDate": "2023-10-15",
      "sourceUrl": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-023-02597-w",
      "checkedOn": "2026-09-23",
      "arm": "Maximum tolerated dose (10 or 15 mg)",
      "changePct": -18.4,
      "discontinuationPct": 10.5,
      "discontinuationComparatorPct": 2.1
    },
    {
      "trial": "SURMOUNT-4",
      "trialSlug": "surmount-4",
      "compound": "Tirzepatide",
      "phase": "3",
      "status": "completed",
      "population": "Adults with BMI of 30 or more, or 27 or more with a weight-related complication, excluding diabetes",
      "n": 670,
      "weeks": 88,
      "primaryEndpoint": "Mean percent change in weight from week 36 (randomization) to week 88",
      "estimand": "treatment-regimen",
      "outcome": "Body weight",
      "unit": "%",
      "comparator": "Switched to placebo",
      "comparatorChangePct": 14,
      "registryId": "NCT04660643",
      "registryUrl": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04660643",
      "readoutDate": "2024-01-01",
      "sourceUrl": "https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2023.24945",
      "checkedOn": "2026-09-23",
      "arm": "Continued tirzepatide, weeks 36 to 88",
      "changePct": -5.5,
      "discontinuationPct": 1.8,
      "discontinuationComparatorPct": 0.9
    },
    {
      "trial": "SURMOUNT-5",
      "trialSlug": "surmount-5",
      "compound": "Tirzepatide",
      "phase": "3b",
      "status": "completed",
      "population": "Adults with obesity but without type 2 diabetes",
      "n": 751,
      "weeks": 72,
      "primaryEndpoint": "Percent change in weight from baseline to week 72",
      "estimand": null,
      "outcome": "Body weight",
      "unit": "%",
      "comparator": "Semaglutide, maximum tolerated dose",
      "comparatorChangePct": -13.7,
      "registryId": "NCT05822830",
      "registryUrl": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05822830",
      "readoutDate": "2025-05-11",
      "sourceUrl": "https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2416394",
      "checkedOn": "2026-09-23",
      "arm": "Tirzepatide, maximum tolerated dose",
      "changePct": -20.2,
      "discontinuationPct": null,
      "discontinuationComparatorPct": null
    },
    {
      "trial": "Tesamorelin phase 3 (Falutz, NEJM 2007)",
      "trialSlug": "tesamorelin-phase-3-2007",
      "compound": "Tesamorelin",
      "phase": "3",
      "status": "completed",
      "population": "Adults with HIV and abdominal fat accumulation (86% men)",
      "n": 412,
      "weeks": 26,
      "primaryEndpoint": "Percent change from baseline in visceral adipose tissue on computed tomography",
      "estimand": null,
      "outcome": "Visceral adipose tissue",
      "unit": "%",
      "comparator": "Placebo",
      "comparatorChangePct": 5,
      "registryId": "NCT00123253",
      "registryUrl": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00123253",
      "readoutDate": "2007-12-01",
      "sourceUrl": "https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa072375",
      "checkedOn": "2026-09-23",
      "arm": "2 mg",
      "changePct": -15.2,
      "discontinuationPct": null,
      "discontinuationComparatorPct": null
    },
    {
      "trial": "RECONNECT (studies 301 and 302)",
      "trialSlug": "reconnect",
      "compound": "Bremelanotide",
      "phase": "3",
      "status": "completed",
      "population": "Premenopausal women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder",
      "n": 1267,
      "weeks": 24,
      "primaryEndpoint": "Coprimary: change in the FSFI desire domain score and FSDS-DAO item 13 from baseline to end of study",
      "estimand": null,
      "outcome": "FSFI desire domain score difference from placebo",
      "unit": "points",
      "comparator": "Placebo",
      "comparatorChangePct": null,
      "registryId": "NCT02333071",
      "registryUrl": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02333071",
      "readoutDate": "2019-11-01",
      "sourceUrl": "https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000003500",
      "checkedOn": "2026-09-23",
      "arm": "Study 301, 1.75 mg",
      "changePct": 0.3,
      "discontinuationPct": null,
      "discontinuationComparatorPct": null
    },
    {
      "trial": "RECONNECT (studies 301 and 302)",
      "trialSlug": "reconnect",
      "compound": "Bremelanotide",
      "phase": "3",
      "status": "completed",
      "population": "Premenopausal women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder",
      "n": 1267,
      "weeks": 24,
      "primaryEndpoint": "Coprimary: change in the FSFI desire domain score and FSDS-DAO item 13 from baseline to end of study",
      "estimand": null,
      "outcome": "FSFI desire domain score difference from placebo",
      "unit": "points",
      "comparator": "Placebo",
      "comparatorChangePct": null,
      "registryId": "NCT02333071",
      "registryUrl": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02333071",
      "readoutDate": "2019-11-01",
      "sourceUrl": "https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000003500",
      "checkedOn": "2026-09-23",
      "arm": "Study 302, 1.75 mg",
      "changePct": 0.42,
      "discontinuationPct": null,
      "discontinuationComparatorPct": null
    }
  ]
}