Which peptides have phase 3 trials?

Of the 16 compounds on the Primara Research Desk Evidence Map, 5 have at least one completed phase 3 human trial as of 23 September 2026: retatrutide, tirzepatide, semaglutide, tesamorelin, bremelanotide. The others rest on phase 2, small human studies, or animal and cell work.

Primara Labs sells some of the compounds covered here. Every figure on this page links to its source and the date it was checked.

Updated 23 September 2026

Phase 3 human evidence

Retatrutide: obesity and overweight with a weight-related condition, type 2 diabetes, knee osteoarthritis pain, obstructive sleep apnoea, chronic low back pain, cardiovascular and renal outcomes, and fatty liver disease (MASLD).

Tirzepatide: obesity and overweight, obesity with type 2 diabetes, maintenance of weight reduction, and comparison with semaglutide.

Semaglutide: obesity and overweight, obesity with type 2 diabetes, maintenance of weight reduction, and cardiovascular outcomes in people with cardiovascular disease.

Tesamorelin: excess visceral fat in people with HIV on antiretroviral therapy, fatty liver disease in HIV, abdominal obesity with reduced growth hormone secretion, and cognition in older adults.

Bremelanotide: hypoactive sexual desire disorder in premenopausal women; earlier, sexual arousal disorder and erectile dysfunction; body weight in a phase 1 study.

Below phase 3

Phase 2 human: Ipamorelin.

Small human studies: CJC-1295, Semax, Selank, DSIP, BPC-157, GHK-Cu, NAD+.

Animal and cell: TB-500, KPV, MOTS-c.

What phase 3 means

Phase 3 is the large trial stage that regulators rely on for approval: hundreds or thousands of participants, a control group, and a pre-specified main outcome. A phase 3 result is about the dose, population and duration the trial studied, and about the medicine that was studied.

Adverse events from each trial sit beside its results on the Trial Explorer, and the Evidence Map shows the trial that sets each compound's level.

How many trials sit behind each

Retatrutide: 5 completed randomised human trials counted (Trials in the Research Desk trials dataset).

Tirzepatide: 5 completed randomised human trials counted (SURMOUNT obesity trials in the trials dataset; the wider literature, including diabetes trials, is larger).

Semaglutide: 7 completed randomised human trials counted (STEP obesity trials and SELECT in the trials dataset; the wider literature, including diabetes trials, is larger).

Tesamorelin: 10 completed randomised human trials counted (Completed human RCTs identified and screened in Europe PMC).

Bremelanotide: 9 completed randomised human trials counted (Completed human RCTs identified and screened in Europe PMC).

Sources

Where every figure comes from

Primara Research Desk, Evidence Map dataset · checked 23 September 2026
Eli Lilly, TRIUMPH-1 topline release, 21 May 2026 · checked 23 September 2026
Jastreboff AM et al. N Engl J Med 2022 (SURMOUNT-1) · checked 23 September 2026
Wilding JPH et al. N Engl J Med 2021 (STEP 1) · checked 23 September 2026

Last reviewed 23 September 2026